Publications


Click here  a complete list of publications.

Recent Publications

2023

  • Giant interfacial spin Hall angle from Rashba-Edelstein effect revealed by the spin Hall Hanle process
    Jing Li, Andrew H. Comstock, Aeron McConnell, Xin Li, Yu Yun, Dali Sun, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Phys. Rev. B 108, L241403 (2023).
  • Mapping of Spin-Wave Transport in Thulium Iron Garnet Thin Films Using Diamond Quantum Microscopy
    Rupak Timalsina, Haohan Wang, Bharat Giri, Adam Erickson, Xiaoshan Xu, and Abdelghani Laraoui
    Adv. Electron. Mater. 2023, 2300648.
  • Topological spin textures and topological Hall effect in centrosymmetric magnetic nanoparticles
    Ahsan Ullah, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Bibek Tiwari, Bharat Giri, David J. Sellmyer, Ralph Skomski, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Phys. Rev. B 108, 184432 (2023).
  • Magnetic Ni-Nanoinclusions in VO2 Thin Films for Broad Tuning of Phase Transition Properties
    Zihao He, Jie Jian, Lizabeth Quigley, Nirali A. Bhatt, James P. Barnard, Claire A. Mihalko, Haohan Wang, Xin Li Phuah, Juanjuan Lu, Xiaoshan Xu, and Haiyan Wang
    Adv. Physics Res. 2023, 2300031.
  • Magnetic nanodoping: Atomic control of spin states in cobalt doped silver clusters
    Vicente Zamudio-Bayer , Konstantin Hirsch, Lei Ma, Kobe De Knijf , Xiaoshan Xu, Arkadiusz Ławicki, Akira Terasaki , Piero Ferrari , Bernd von Issendorff, Peter Lievens , Walt A. de Heer, J. Tobias Lau, and Ewald Janssens
    Physical Review Research 5, 033103 (2023).
  • Self-Assembled Complex Three-Phase Core−Shell Nanostructure of Au−CoFe2−TiN with a Magneto-Optical Coupling Effect
    Jiawei Song, Di Zhang, Ping Lu, Yizhi Zhang, Haohan Wang, Hongyi Dou, Xiaoshan Xu, Julia Deitz, Xinghang Zhang, and Haiyan Wang
    ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 31, 37810–37817.
  • Interfacial and surface magnetism in epitaxial NiCo2O4(001)/MgAl2O4 films
    Corbyn Mellinger, Xiao Wang, Arjun Subedi, Andy T. Clark, Takashi Komesu, Richard Rosenberg, Peter A. Dowben, Xuemei Cheng, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Journal of Applied Physics 133, 195301 (2023)
  • Improper ferroelectricity in ultrathin hexagonal ferrites films
    Xin Li, Yu Yun, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Appl. Phys. Lett. 122, 182901 (2023); doi: 10.1063/5.0146420
  • Magnetoelectric Multiferroic Materials (Book chapter)
    Xiaoshan Xu, Christian Binek
    Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics, Volume 1, 2023, Pages 633-649, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819728-8.00084-X
  • 3D printed elastomer ternary composites
    Naga Korivi, Rifat Mahbub, Zahra Ahmadi, Soodabeh Azadehranjbar, Jeffrey E. Shield, Yuanyuan Ni, Yifan Yuan, Xiaoshan Xu, Limin Gong, Shaik Jeelani, Vijay Rangari
    Electron. Lett., 59: e12749 (2023).
  • Anisotropic optical and magnetic response in self-assembled TiNeCoFe2 nanocomposites
    J. Song, Di Zhang, P. Lu, H. Wang, X. Xu, M.L. Meyerson, S.G. Rosenberg, J. Deitz, J. Liu, X. Wang, X. Zhang, H. Wang
    Materials Today Nano 22 (2023) 100316.
  • Domain‑wall magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic hexagonal YbFeO3 films
    Xin Li , Yu Yun , Arashdeep Singh Thind , Yuewei Yin , Qiang Li , Wenbin Wang , Alpha T. N’Diaye , Corbyn Mellinger , Xuanyuan Jiang , Rohan Mishra & Xiaoshan Xu
    Scientific Reports | (2023) 13:1755.
  • Pressure-induced charge orders and their postulated coupling to magnetism in hexagonal multiferroic LuFe2O4
    Fengliang Liu, Yiqing Hao, Jinyang Ni, Yongsheng Zhao , Dongzhou Zhang, Gilberto Fabbris , Daniel Haskel , Shaobo Cheng, Xiaoshan Xu , Lifeng Yin, Hongjun Xiang, Jun Zhao, Xujie Lü, Wenbin Wang, Jian Shen and Wenge Yang
    npj Quantum Materials (2023) 8:1 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41535-022-00522-x
  • 2022

  • Comprehensive demonstration of spin Hall Hanle effects in epitaxial Pt thin films
    Jing Li, Andrew H. Comstock, Dali Sun, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Physical Review B 106, 106, 184420 (2022).
  • Topological phase transitions and Berry-phase hysteresis in exchange-coupled nanomagnets
    Ahsan Ullah, Xin Li, Yunlong Jin, Rabindra Pahari, Lanping Yue, Xiaoshan Xu, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, David J. Sellmyer, and Ralph Skomski
    Physical Review B 106, 134430 (2022)
  • Tunable physical properties in Bi-based layered supercell multiferroics embedded with Au nanoparticles
    Jianan Shen, Zihao He, Di Zhang, Ping Lu, Julia Deitz, Zhongxia Shang, Matias Kalaswad Haohan Wang, Xiaoshan Xu and Haiyan Wang
    Nanoscale Adv., (2022), 4, 3054.
  • Spontaneous Polarization in an Ultrathin Improper-Ferroelectric/Dielectric Bilayer in a Capacitor Structure at Cryogenic Temperatures
    Yu Yun , Pratyush Buragohain, Arashdeep Singh Thind , Yuewei Yin , Xin Li , Xuanyuan Jiang , Rohan Mishra, Alexei Gruverman, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Physical Review Applied 18, 034071 (2022).
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  • Intermolecular interaction and cooperativity in an Fe(II) spin crossover molecular thin film system
    Guanhua Hao , Ashley S Dale , Alpha T N’Diaye, Rajesh V Chopdekar , Roland J Koch, Xuanyuan Jiang , Corbyn Mellinger , Jian Zhang , Ruihua Cheng , Xiaoshan Xu and Peter A Dowben
    J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34 (2022) 295201.
  • Persistent opto-ferroelectric responses in molecular ferroelectrics
    Xuanyuan Jiang, Xiao Wang, Pratyush Buragohain, Andy T. Clark, Haidong Lu, Shashi Poddar, Le Yu, Anthony D. DiChiara, Alexei Gruverman, Xuemei Cheng , and Xiaoshan Xu
    Physical Review Materials 6,074412 (2022),
  • Epitaxial NiCo2O4 film as an emergent spintronic material: Magnetism and transport properties
    Xiaoshan Xu, Corbyn Mellinger, Zhi Gang Cheng, Xuegang Chen, and Xia Hong
    J. Appl. Phys. 132, 020901 (2022); doi: 10.1063/5.0095326
  • Intrinsic ferroelectricity in Y-doped HfO2 thin films
    Yu Yun, Pratyush Buragohain, Ming Li, Zahra Ahmadi, Yizhi Zhang, Xin Li, Haohan Wang, Jing Li, Ping Lu, Lingling Tao, Haiyan Wang, Jeffrey E. Shield, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Alexei Gruverman and Xiaoshan Xu
    Nature Materials 21, 903–909 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-022-01282-6
  • TiN–Fe Vertically Aligned Nanocomposites Integrated on Silicon as a Multifunctional Platform toward Device Applications
    Matias Kalaswad, Di Zhang, Bethany X. Rutherford, Juanjuan Lu, James P. Barnard , Zihao He, Juncheng Liu, Haohan Wang, Xiaoshan Xu and Haiyan Wang
    Crystals 2022, 12, 849.
  • Magnetic moments and spin structure in single-phase B20 Co1+xSi1−x (x = 0.043)
    Haohan Wang, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Yaohua Liu, Robert Streubel, Rabindra Pahari, Thilini Kumari Ekanayaka, Esha Mishra, Christoph Klewe, Padraic Shafer, Rohan Dhall, Ralph Skomski, David J. Sellmyer, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Journal of Applied Physics 131, 183902 (2022)
  • Highly Oriented Organic Ferroelectric Films with Single-Crystal-Level Properties from Restrained Crystallization
    Yifan Yuan, Yuanyuan Ni, Xuanyuan Jiang, Yu Yun, Jing Li, and Xiaoshan Xu
    Crystal Growth Design, 22, 2124–2131 (2022)
  • Surface-to-bulk core level shift in CoFe2O4 thin films
    Arjun Subedi, Detian Yang, Yu Yun, Xiaoshan Xu, and Peter A. Dowben
    J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 40, 023201 (2022).
  • Sensitive metallic behavior in epitaxial NiCo2O4 films regulated by the film thickness
    Chunfang Wu, Congmian Zhen, Xiaozhe Zhang, Xiaoshan Xu, Jingtong Xie, Li Ma, Dewei Zhao, Denglu Hou
    Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 160 (2022) 110321.
  • 2021

  • Core-shell metallic alloy nanopillars-indielectric hybrid metamaterials with magneto-plasmonic coupling
    Jijie Huang, Xin Li Phuah, Luke Mitchell McClintock, Prashant Padmanabhan, K.S.N. Vikrant, Han Wang, Di Zhang, Haohan Wang, Ping Lu, Xingyao Gao, Xing Sun, Xiaoshan Xu, R. Edwin García, Hou-Tong Chen, Xinghang Zhang, Haiyan Wang
    Materials Today 51, 39 (2021).
  • Magnetic Field Perturbations to a Soft X-ray-Activated Fe (II) Molecular Spin State Transition
    Guanhua Hao, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Thilini K. Ekanayaka, Ashley S. Dale, Xuanyuan Jiang, Esha Mishra, Corbyn Mellinger, Saeed Yazdani, John W. Freeland, Jian Zhang, Ruihua Cheng, Xiaoshan Xu and Peter A. Dowben
    Magnetochemistry 2021, 7(10), 135.
  • Tuning Negative Capacitance in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures via Layer Thickness Ratio
    Yifei Hao, Tianlin Li, Yu Yun, Xin Li, Xuegang Chen, Jingfeng Song, Zahra Ahmadi, Jeffrey E. Shield, Xiaoshan Xu, and Xia Hong
    Physical Review Applied 16, 034004 (2021).
  • Strong Interfacial Coupling of Tunable Ni−NiO Nanocomposite Thin Films Formed by Self-Decomposition
    Xuejing Wang, Zhimin Qi, Juncheng Liu, Haohan Wang, Xiaoshan Xu, Xinghang Zhang, and Haiyan Wang
    ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 39730−39737.
  • Colossal intrinsic exchange bias from interfacial reconstruction in epitaxial CoFe2O4/Al2O3 thin films.
    Detian Yang , Yu Yun , Arjun Subedi, Nicholas E. Rogers, David M. Cornelison, Peter A. Dowben , and Xiaoshan Xu.
    Physical Review B 103, 224405 (2021).
  • Nonvolatile Voltage Controlled Molecular Spin-State Switching for Memory Applications
    Thilini K. Ekanayaka, Guanhua Hao, Aaron Mosey, Ashley S. Dale, Xuanyuan Jiang, Andrew J. Yost, Keshab R. Sapkota, George T. Wang, Jian Zhang, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Andrew Marshall, Ruihua Cheng, Azad Naeemi, Xiaoshan Xu and Peter A. Dowben
    Magnetochemistry 2021, 7, 37.
  • Nitride-Oxide-Metal Heterostructure with Self-Assembled Core–Shell Nanopillar Arrays: Effect of Ordering on Magneto-Optical Properties
    Xuejing Wang, Jie Jian, Haohan Wang, Juncheng Liu, Yash Pachaury, Ping Lu, Bethany X. Rutherford, Xingyao Gao, Xiaoshan Xu, Anter El-Azab, Xinghang Zhang, and Haiyan Wang.
    Small, 17, 2007222 (2021).
  • 2020

  • Nonmonotonic crossover in electronic phase separated manganite superlattices driven by the superlattice period.
    Yinyan Zhu , Biying Ye. Qiang Li, Hao Liu, Tian Miao, Lijun Wu, Lei Li, Linfang Lin, Yi Zhu, Zhe Zhang, Qian Shi, Yulong Yang, Kai Du, Yu Bai, Yang Yu , Hangwen Guo, Wenbin Wang, Xiaoshan Xu , Xiaoshan Wu, Zhicheng Zhong, Shuai Dong, Yimei Zhu, Elbio Dagotto, Lifeng Yin, and Jian Shen.
    Physical Review B 102, 235107 (2020).
  • Au-Encapsulated Fe Nanorods in Oxide Matrix with Tunable Magneto-Optic Coupling Properties.
    Bruce Zhang, Matias Kalaswad, Bethany X. Rutherford, Shikhar Misra, Zihao He, Haohan Wang, Zhimin Qi, Ashley E. Wissel, Xiaoshan Xu, and Haiyan Wang.
    ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12, 51827−51836 (2020).
  • Discovering rare-earth-free magnetic materials through the development of a database.
    Masahiro Sakurai , Renhai Wang , Timothy Liao, Chao Zhang , Huaijun Sun, Yang Sun , Haidi Wang, Xin Zhao, Songyou Wang, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Xiaoshan Xu, David J. Sellmyer, Vladimir Antropov, Jianhua Zhang, Cai-Zhuang Wang, Kai-Ming Ho, and James R. Chelikowsky.
    Physical Review Materials 4, 114408 (2020).
  • Metal-Free Oxide-Nitride Heterostructure as a Tunable Hyperbolic Metamaterial Platform
    Xuejing Wang, Haohan Wang, Jie Jian, Bethany X. Rutherford, Xingyao Gao, Xiaoshan Xu, Xinghang Zhang, and Haiyan Wang.
    Nano Lett., 20, 6614−6622 (2020).
  • Synergistic computational and experimental discovery of novel magnetic materials.
    Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Masahiro Sakurai, Cai-Zhuang Wang, Xiaoshan Xu, Kai-Ming Ho, James R. Chelikowskybd and David J. Sellmyer.
    Mol. Syst. Des. Eng., 5, 1098 (2020).
  • Spin Rectification and Electrically Controlled Spin Transport in Molecular-Ferroelectrics-Based Spin Valves.
    Yuewei Yin, Xuanyuan Jiang, Mark A. Koten, Jeffrey E. Shield, Xuegang Chen, Yu Yun, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Xia Hong, and Xiaoshan Xu.
    Physical Review Applied 13, 064011 (2020).
  • Tuning the interfacial spin-orbit coupling with ferroelectricity.
    Mei Fang, Yanmei Wang, Hui Wang, Yusheng Hou, Eric Vetter, Yunfang Kou, Wenting Yang, Lifeng Yin, Zhu Xiao, Zhou Li, Lu Jiang, Ho Nyung Lee, Shufeng Zhang, Ruqian Wu, Xiaoshan Xu, Dali Sun and Jian Shen.
    Nature Communications 11, 2627 (2020).
  • Abrupt Enhancement of Spin-Orbit Scattering Time in Ultrathin Semimetallic SrIrO3 Close to the Metal-Insulator Transition.
    Le Zhang, Xuanyuan Jiang, Xiaoshan Xu, and Xia. Hong.
    APL Materials 8, 051108 (2020).
  • Probing ferroelectricity by x-ray absorption spectroscopy in molecular crystals
    Fujie Tang ,Xuanyuan Jiang, Hsin-Yu Ko ,Jianhang Xu ,Mehmet Topsakal, Guanhua Hao , Alpha T. N’Diaye, Peter A. Dowben, Deyu Lu, Xiaoshan Xu , and Xifan Wu.
    Physical Review Materials 4, 034401 (2020).
  • Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in conducting NiCo2O4 films from spin-lattice coupling
    Corbyn Mellinger , Jace Waybright , Xiaozhe Zhang ,Caleb Schmidt ,and Xiaoshan Xu.
    Physical Review B, 101, 014413 (2020).
  • 2019

  • Yuan, Y.F.; Jiang, X.Y.; Poddar S.; Xu X.S. "Electric-field assisted nucleation processes of croconic acid films", CrystEngComm, 21, 7460–7467 (2019).
  • Mei Fang, Sangjian Zhang, Wenchao Zhang, Lu Jiang, Eric Vetter, Ho Nyung Lee, Xiaoshan Xu, Dali Sun, and Jian Shen "Nonvolatile Multilevel States in Multiferroic Tunnel Junctions" Phys. Rev. Applied 12, 044049 (2019).
  • Xuanyuan Jiang, Guanhua Hao, Xiao Wang, Aaron Mosey, Xin Zhang, Le Yu, Andrew J Yost, Xin Zhang, Anthony D DiChiara, Alpha T N’Diaye, Xuemei Cheng, Jian Zhang, Ruihua Cheng, Xiaoshan Xu and Peter A Dowben, "Tunable spin-state bistability in a spin crossover molecular complex", J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 31, 315401 (2019).
  • Jason White, Kishan Sinha, and Xiaoshan Xu, "Structural phase diagram and magnetic properties of Sc-substituted rare earth ferrites R1−xScxFeO3 (R = Lu, Yb, Er, and Ho)", Journal of Applied Physics 125, 244101 (2019).
  • Haohan Wang, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Rabindra Pahari, Ralph Skomski, Yaohua Liu, Ashfia Huq, D. J. Sellmyer, and Xiaoshan Xu, "Noncollinear spin structure in Fe3+xCo3−xTi2 (x = 0, 2, 3) from neutron diffraction", Physical Review Materials 3, 064403 (2019).
  • A. Rajapitamahuni, L. L. Tao, Y. Hao, J. Song, X. Xu, E. Y. Tsymbal, and X. Hong, "Ferroelectric polarization control of magnetic anisotropy in PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 heterostructures", Physical Review Materials 3, 021401(R) (2019).
  • G. Hao , A. Mosey, X. Jiang, A. J. Yost , K. R. Sapkota, G. T. Wang , X. Zhang , J. Zhang , A. T. N'Diaye , R. Cheng, X. Xu , and P. A. Dowben, "Nonvolatile voltage controlled molecular spin state switching", Applied Physics Letters 114, 032901 (2019).
  • Xuegang Chen, Xiaozhe Zhang, Myung-Geun Han, Le Zhang, Yimei Zhu, Xiaoshan Xu, and Xia Hong, "Magnetotransport Anomaly in Room-Temperature Ferrimagnetic NiCo2O4 Thin Films", Adv. Mater., 31, 1805260 (2019).
  • 2018

  • Kishan Sinha, Haohan Wang, Xiao Wang, Liying Zhou, Yuewei Yin, Wenbin Wang, Xuemei Cheng, David J. Keavney, Huibo Cao, Yaohua Liu, Xifan Wu, and Xiaoshan Xu, "Tuning the Neel Temperature of Hexagonal Ferrites by Structural Distortion", Physical Review Letters 121, 237203 (2018).
  • Xiaoxiang Xi, Xiangyan Bo, X.S. Xu, P. P. Kong, Z. Liu, X. G. Hong, C. Q. Jin, G. Cao, Xiangang Wan, and G. L. Carr, "Honeycomb lattice Na2IrO3 at high pressures: A robust spin-orbit Mott insulator", Physical Review B 98, 125117 (2018).
  • Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Xin Zhao, Shah R. Valloppilly, Sumit Beniwal, Ralph Skomski, Anandakumar Sarella, Yunlong Jin, Xingzhong Li, Xiaoshan Xu, Huibo Cao, Haohan Wang, Axel Enders, Cai-Zhuang Wang, Kai-Ming Ho and David J. Sellmyer, "Magnetism of new metastable cobalt-nitride compounds", Nanoscale, 10, 13011 (2018).
  • Congmian Zhen, XiaoZhe Zhang, Wengang Wei, Wenzhe Guo, Ankit Pant, Xiaoshan Xu*, Jian Shen, Li Ma and Denglu Hou "Nanostructural origin of semiconductivity and large magnetoresistance in epitaxial NiCo2O4/Al2O3 thin films", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51, 145308 (2018).
  • Xin Zhang, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Xuanyuan Jiang, Xiaozhe Zhang, Yuewei Yin, Xuegang Chen, Xia Hong, Xiaoshan Xu and Peter A. Dowben "Indications of magnetic coupling effects in spin cross-over molecular thin films." Chem. Commun. 54, 944 (2018).
  • Guanhua Hao, Nicholas Noviasky, Shi Cao, Ildar Sabirianov, Yuewei Yin, Carolina C. Ilie, Eugene Kirianov, Nishtha Sharma, Andrei Sokolov, Andrew Marshall, Xiaoshan Xu, Peter A. Dowben "Some device implications of voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy in Co/Gd2O3 thin films through REDOX chemistry." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 451, 487 (2018).
  • Xiaoshan Xu "A brief review of ferroelectric control of magnetoresistance in organic spin valves." J. Materiomics 4, 1 (2018).
  • 2017

  • Xin Zhang, Paulo S. Costa, James Hooper, Daniel P. Miller, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Sumit Beniwal, Xuanyuan Jiang, Yuewei Yin, Patrick Rosa, Lucie Routaboul, Mathieu Gonidec, Lorenzo Poggini, Pierre Braunstein, Bernard Doudin, Xiaoshan Xu, Axel Enders, Eva Zurek, and Peter A. Dowben "Locking and Unlocking the Molecular Spin Crossover Transition." Adv. Mater. 29, 1702257 (2017).
  • Shi Cao, Kishan Sinha, Xin Zhang, Xiaozhe Zhang, Xiao Wang, Yuewei Yin, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Jian Wang, David J. Keavney, Tula R. Paudel, Yaohua Liu, Xuemei Cheng, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Peter A. Dowben, and Xiaoshan Xu "Electronic structure and direct observation of ferrimagnetism in multiferroic hexagonal YbFeO3." Phys. Rev. B. 95, 224428 (2017).
  • Xiaozhe Zhang, Yuewei Yin, Sen Yang, Zhimao Yang and Xiaoshan Xu, "Effect of interface on epitaxy and magnetism in h-RFeO3/Fe3O4/Al2O3 films (R  =  Lu, Yb)." J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 29, 164001 (2017).
  • Kishan Sinha, Yubo Zhang, Xuanyuan Jiang, Hongwei Wang, Xiao Wang, Xiaozhe Zhang, Philip J. Ryan, Jong-Woo Kim, John Bowlan, Dmitry A. Yarotski, Yuelin Li, Anthony D. DiChiara, Xuemei Cheng, Xifan Wu, and Xiaoshan Xu, "Effects of biaxial strain on the improper multiferroicity in h-LuFeO3 films studied using the restrained thermal expansion method." Phys. Rev. B. 95, 094110 (2017).
  • Xiaoshan Xu, Xiaozhe Zhang, Yuewei Yin, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Bhaskar Das, Yaohua Liu, Ashfia Huq, and David J Sellmyer, "Anti-site mixing and magnetic properties of Fe3Co3Nb2 studied via neutron powder diffraction." J. Phys. D: Applied Physics, 50, 025002. (2017).
  • Other Selected Publications

  • D. L. Sun, M. Fang, X.S. Xu*, L. Jiang, H.W. Guo, Y.M. Wang, W.T. Yang, L.F. Yin, P.C. Snijders, T.Z. Ward, Z. Gai, X.G. Zhang, H.N. Lee, J. Shen, “Active control of magnetoresistance of organic spin valves using ferroelectricity.” Nat. Comm 5, 4396 (2014).
  • W.B. Wang, J.Zhao, W.B. Wang, Z. Gai, N. Balke, M. Chi, H.N. Lee, W. Tian, L.Y. Zhu, X.M. Cheng, D.J. Keavney, J.Y. Yi, T.Z. Ward, P.C. Snijders, H.M. Christen, W. Wu, J. Shen, and X.S Xu*, “Room-temperature multiferroic hexagonal LuFeO3 films,” Phys. Rev. Let. 110, 237601 (2013).
  • X.S. Xu, S.Y. Yin, R. Moro, A. Liang, J. Bowlan, and W.A. de Heer, “Metastability of free cobalt and iron clusters: A possible precursor to bulk ferromagnetism,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 057203 (2011).
  • X.S. Xu, T.V. Brinzari, S. McGill, H.D. Zhou, C.R. Wiebe, and J.L. Musfeldt, “Absence of Spin Liquid Behavior in Nd3Ga5SiO14 Using Magneto-Optical Spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 267402 (2009).
  • X.S. Xu, M. Angst, T.V. Brinzari, R.P.Hermann, J.L. Musfeldt, A.D. Christianson, D. Mandrus, B.C. Sales, S. McGill, J.W. Kim, and Z. Islam, “Charge order, dynamics, and magneto-structural transition in multiferroic LuFe2O4,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 227602 (2008).
  • S.Y. Yin, R. Moro, X.S. Xu, and W.A. de Heer, “Magnetic enhancement in cobalt-manganese alloy clusters,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 113401 (2007).
  • X.S. Xu, S.Y. Yin, R. Moro, and W.A. de Heer, “Magnetic moments and adiabatic magnetization of free cobalt clusters,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 237209 (2005).
  • R. Moro, X.S. Xu, S.Y. Yin, W.A. de Heer, "Ferroelectricity in free niobium clusters." Science 300, 1265-1269 (2003).